How ADC conversion works
An ADC converts analog voltage into a digital number.
Formula
A common formula is V = Code / (2^N - 1) × Vref.
Resolution
A 10-bit ADC has 1024 possible codes. A 12-bit ADC has 4096 codes.
Voltage dividers
When measuring voltage above the reference, a voltage divider or amplifier stage is often required.
Design notes
ADC accuracy depends on reference stability, source impedance, noise and PCB layout.
Use the calculator
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Open ADC Voltage CalculatorFrequently asked questions
What is covered in ADC Voltage Measurement Guide?
This guide explains the concept, formula, practical examples and design notes for electronics engineering work.
Can I use this guide for production hardware?
Use it for learning and early estimates. Production hardware should always be verified with datasheets, simulations and real measurements.
Is there a related calculator?
Yes. EngiCalc guides link to relevant calculators so you can test values directly in the browser.
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